|
906 |
Raffelstaetten toll regulations – references Jewish traders in Moravia |
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bohemia
|
|
965 |
Ibrāhīm ibn Ya‘qūb visited Prague and records Jewish merchants |
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bohemia
|
|
1091 |
Jewish community recorded in Brno, Moravia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1096 |
First Crusade pogrom of Bohemian Jews |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1146 |
Jewish community recorded in Olomouc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1164 |
A record of a synagogue in Prague, which may have become the building site of the Altschul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1264 |
Ottokar II granted General privileges to Jews, which remained in force until 1848 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1270 |
Building of the Altneuschul, Prague |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_New_Synagogue
|
|
1354 |
Charles IV grants the Jews of Prague’s Jewish Town the right to a municipal banner (showing a Magen David) or landesfarben |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1389 |
Easter attack on the Prague ghetto |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1426 |
Jihlava starts a process of expulsion of Jews, followed by Brno, Olomouc, Znojmo and Uničov |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1514 |
Uherské Hradiště expels its Jews |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1526 |
the printing of the illustrated Prague Haggadah |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1541 |
partial expulsions of Jews started |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1564 |
revocation of the Expulsion order |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1586 |
Mordecai Meisel built the Jewish Town Hall |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Meisel
|
|
1592 |
Mordecai Meisel built the Meisel Synagogue |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Meisel
|
|
1592 |
Rabbi Judah Loew (Maharal of Prague) had a private audience with Emperor rudolf , Prague Castle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Loew_ben_Bezalel
|
|
1601 |
Death of Mordecai Meisel, and state confiscation of his assets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Meisel
|
|
1724 |
Census showed Jews in 800 Bohemian localities and 52 Moravian communities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1700 |
Prague Jewish population of 11,000 people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1726 |
Familiants’ Laws enacted to restrict the number of Jewish families, nd restricting inheritance to First Born Sons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1744 |
Empress Marie Therese Jewish expulsion laws enacted |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1763 |
rebuild of the Jewish Town Hall in a Baroque style |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1782 |
Edict of Toleration for Jews, which enforced the use of German by Jews over Hebrew, Yiddish or Czech. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1849 |
Law of Freedom of Movement effectively removed the Prague Ghetto gates |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1867 |
final removal of the Ghetto Laws |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1867 |
Austro-Hungarian Compromise created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, which included Bohemia and Moravia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary
|
|
1837 |
renovation of the Altschul, Prague |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1867 |
demolition of Altschul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1867 |
Society of Czech-Jewish Academics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1868 |
Building of the Spanish Synagogue on the site of the Altschul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1883 |
Reform services start in the Cikǻnova Synagogue in the Jewish Old Town |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1893 |
National Union of Czech Jews |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1894 |
A Czech Jewish magazine is published |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1900 |
54% of Bohemian (and Prague ) Jews spoke Czech as a first language. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1906 |
Association for the Establishment and Maintenance of the Jewish Museum in Prague |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1909 |
First small exhibition of the Jewish Museum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1912 |
Jewish Museum moves to Josefovská Street |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1913 |
Completion of redevelopment of the Old Jewish Town area |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1918 |
establishment of the Republic of Czechoslovakia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia
|
|
1919 |
looting against Prague Jewish shops |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1920 |
attack on the Prague Jewish Town Hall, and destruction of its archives |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1926 |
First permanent exhibition space of the Jewish Museum at 243 Old Cemetery Road, with 1000 objects |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
|
|
1933 |
German anti Jewish legislation begins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws
|
|
1935 |
Nuremberg Laws |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws
|
|
1938 |
The Anschluss occupation of Austria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschluss
|
|
1938 |
The Second Czech republic degenerates into an authoritarian and discriminatory State |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1938 |
Munich Agreement forces Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudetenland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Agreement
|
|
1938 |
The Vienna Awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Vienna_Award
|
|
1938 |
Kristallnacht includes the burning of 35 synagogues in the Sudetenland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallnacht
|
|
1939 |
Slovakia expulsion of Jews |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia
|
|
1939 |
Slovakia declares independence from Czechoslovakia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia
|
|
1939 |
Bohemia and Moravia invaded and becomes a German Protectorate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1939 |
German invasion of Poland, the start of World War II |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1939 |
Nuremburg Law census identifies 118,310 Jews in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1939 |
Adolf Eichmann establishes the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Prague, under the control of Hans Gunther |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1939 |
Jews are disbarred from professions and academia, and Jewish owned companies begin to be restricted. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1939 |
Order of the Reich Protector of June 21, 1939 regarding Jewish Property – the start of confiscation of Jewish wealth by the Nazi state in the Protectorate via Hadega |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1940 |
Jewish Religious Community of Prague was given jurisdiction over all congregations in the Protectorate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1941 |
Compulsory wearing of the Yellow Star was introduced for all Jews. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1941 |
Theresienstadt is established as a Ghetto, and was to receive over 73,000 people, of whom 33,000 were to die there. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresienstadt_Ghetto
|
|
1942 |
Wannsee Conference |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1942 |
March, Official abolition of all Jewish religious organisations outside of Prague. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1942 |
Dr Karel Stein requests the Nazi authorities to allow all objects to be sent to the Prague Jewish community. Agreement is given. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1942 |
June & July, the objects start arriving in Prague |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1942 |
The Nazis instruct the Jewish Museum to run an exhibition at the Meisel Synagogue. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1943 |
the Museum staff had process 38,714 objects in the previous 5 months |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1943 |
The Nazis instruct the Jewish Museum to run an exhibition at the Klausen Synagogue |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1944 |
The Museum staff process 146,905 object during 1943. They process 65,685 objects during the rest of 1944, until the staff were sent to Auschwitz in October 1944 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1944 |
From September Soviet forces begin the liberation of Czechoslovakia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague_offensive
|
|
1945 |
Liberation of Theresenstadt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresienstadt_Ghetto
|
|
1945 |
Of the 118,310 Jewish people listed in Bohemia and Moravia by the Nazis in 1939, 14,045 Jews have lived, the rest murdered in Theresenstadt, Auschwitz and other places. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
|
|
1945 |
A provisional government is formed in Czechoslovakia by the Government-in-Exile. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile
|
|
1946 |
50 Jewish communities are re-established |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile
|
|
1948 |
a Communist coup took control of Czechoslovakia. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic
|
|
1950 |
All Jewish communities are shut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic
|
|
1950 |
The Jewish Museum, Prague, is nationalised by the Communist state. |
https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
|
|
1955 |
Under the direction of Hana Volavková Jewish Museum brings the Sefer Torahs together for storage in the Michle synagogue |
https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
|
|
1961 |
Hana Volavková retires as Director pf JMP |
https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
|
|
1962 |
The Communist Government gives agreement for JMP to sell objects in its collection. |
https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
|
|
1963 |
A delegation from the Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem visits JMP to negotiate the sale of Torahs with Artia. No agreement is reached. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artia_(publisher)
|
|
1963 |
Eric Estorick visits Prague. Negotiations start with Artia for the sale of Scrolls. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artia_(publisher)
|
|
1963 |
Abramsky and Walker visit Prague to inspect the Scrolls |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1963 |
Ralph Yablon agrees to buy the scrolls for CZK 180,000 (equivalent to US$30,000, which is equivalent to a purchasing power of $290,000 in 2022. But the same purchasing power in 1963 would have bought three luxury homes in central London.) |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1964 |
1564 Scrolls arrive in London to their new home at Westminster Synagogue. |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1964 |
The Scrolls Committee agrees a policy to distribute Sefer Torahs to Jewish communities across the world, prioritising kosher scrolls to Orthodox communities |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1964 |
Rabbi Pinchas Toledano leads a team of sofrim to evaluate the kashrut status of the 1564 Scrolls, recording dimensions and repair status on our card files, a collection MST still holds |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1965 |
Chief Rabbi Israel Brodie leads the saying of Kaddish in Westminster Synagogue for the commemoration of those who died in the Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia |
https://chiefrabbi.org/
|
|
1965 |
The Czech Scrolls Committee agree the allocation of 50 Sefer Scrolls to the Ministry of Religion, Jerusalem, for allocation to Israeli communities. We look forward to receiving a copy of their allocation list. |
https://www.gov.il/en/departments/ministry_of_religious_services/govil-landing-page#
|
|
1965 |
Sofer David Brand knocks on the door of Westminster Synagogue and starts a near 30 year relationship repairing Sefer Torah. |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1966 |
The allocation and delivery of Czech Survivor Scroll starts, with an initial allocation of 3 Torah Scrolls to Westminster Synagogue |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1967 |
Scroll 804 is allocated to West Central Liberal Synagogue, with the note that David Brand has reconstructed this kosher scroll from panels deconstructed from 4 other Torah scrolls. |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1980 |
Westminster Synagogue gifts a Sefer Torah scroll to HM Queen Elizabeth II. In 2015 Chief Rabbi Efrem Mirvis records being shown this Czech Survivor Scroll by Prince Philip and HM the Queen when he lunches with the Royal Couple at Windsor Castle. |
https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/1/collection/1123995/sefer-torah
|
|
1980 |
The independent Memorial Scrolls Trust is created, and rents space from Westminster Synagogue at Kent House to continue its work |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
1994 |
The Jewish Museum, Prague, gains independence. |
https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
|
|
1995 |
The first Czech Scrolls Museum is opened by MST at Kent House |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
2005 |
The second iteration of the Czech Scrolls Museum is opened by MST at Kent House |
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
|
|
2019 |
MST is proud to allocate a kosher sefer torah MST740 to the new Orthodox community Zidovska Obec Olomouc , Czech Republic. MST looks eastwards to support the Jewish communities of the Czech republic |
https://kehila-olomouc.cz/rs/
|
|
2021 |
MST allocates a second kosher sefer torah MST1052 to Ec Chajm progressive synagogue, Prague. |
https://ecchajim.cz/
|
|
2022 |
MST allocates Scroll MST565 to Beit Theresenstadt, Israel, an education centre set up by survivors of Theresenstadt now living in Israel |
https://bterezin.org.il/en/home/
|
|
2023 |
MST joins the UK Board of Deputies of British Jews as a Jewish community organisation. |
https://bod.org.uk/
|
